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The Causes Of Acne
We all know what acne looks like but what exactly is it? What causes acne and what is the outlook for someone who’s got it?
What is Acne?
Its medical name is Acne vulgaris and it’s a chronic inflammation of the parts of your skin called the pilosebaceous units. As you might remember from your high school biology lessons, each hair on your skin is accompanied by a small muscle (to make it stand up when we’re cold) and a sebaceous gland that produces an oily substance called sebum. The function of sebum is unclear. The sebaceous glands are sensitive to testosterone and estrogen (see below). These three items (hair, in its duct or follicle, the muscle and the sebaceous gland) are jointly called a pilosebaceous unit (PU). Acne happens when the PU is colonized by a bacterium called Propionibacterium acnes, this causes inflammation and an overproduction of sebum.
So What happens next?
The excess sebum can result in a number of different skin features:
Blackheads (technically known as open comedones): Dilated pores filled by a black plug of melanin-containing keratin. So of you thought that the black material in a blackhead was dirt then think again. It’s actually produced by your skin and is not the result of not washing.
Whiteheads (technically known as closed comedones): Creamy colored domed papules which may progress to become inflammatory pustules (blisters of pus in the outermost layer of the skin) or cysts (blisters of pus in a deeper skin layer).
How bad your acne is depends on what types of lesions you have. If you have blackheads, or surface skin whiteheads you may escape with very little scarring. But cysts can cause severe scarring if they are not treated.
Who gets Acne and when and where?
The blackheads and whiteheads we’ve referred to appear at about the age of twelve. They affect both sexes equally and, as puberty kicks in, and more testosterone or estrogen is produced, the sebaceous glands respond by producing more sebum. This is a dangerous time. Acne usually affects women earlier than men although the peak incidence for both men and women is at age 18.
It usually subsides after the early 20’s, although some women may continue to have it until their fifties. It is usually found on the face, neck, back and chest.
